{"id":1954,"date":"2005-01-18T19:07:10","date_gmt":"2005-01-18T19:07:10","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2005-01-18T19:07:10","modified_gmt":"2005-01-18T19:07:10","slug":"dilemmas-of-democratizationa-view-from-the-middle-east","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/?p=1954","title":{"rendered":"Dilemmas of Democratization &#8211; a view from the Middle East"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"dpv_author\">Sune Segal, The Plum Foundation<\/div>\n<p><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 78pt; TEXT-INDENT: -78pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-outline-level: 5\" align=center><B>CONFERENCE<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<B>&nbsp;<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-outline-level: 6\" align=center><B>Dilemmas of Democratization &#8211; a view from the Middle East<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=center>&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=center>Internal and external challenges to democratization in the contemporary Middle East<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=center>&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-outline-level: 4\" align=center>Copenhagen, 4-5 February 2005<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=center>Sponsered by the Plum Foundation<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">Sted: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Danish Design Centre, HC Andersens Boulevard 27, DK-1553 Copenhagen V<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">(Om baggrunden for konferencen se nederst I denne mail)<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-outline-level: 7\"><B>Practical information<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">Registration is required by e-mail to <A title=mailto:secretariat@plumfoundation.dk href=\"mailto:secretariat@plumfoundation.dk\">secretariat@plumfoundation.dk<\/A> no later than Thursday 27 January 2005. Please include name, title and organisation (in English) in your registration. The conference fee will be 300,00 DKK for both days (including lunch and refreshments). Payment instructions will follow by e-mail upon registration. For further information, please contact:<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">Sune Segal, coordinator, The Plum Foundation<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">Tel. + 45 33 91 88 98, <A title=mailto:secretariat@plumfoundation.dk href=\"mailto:secretariat@plumfoundation.dk\">secretariat@plumfoundation.dk<\/A>, <A title=http:\/\/www.plumfoundation.dk\/ href=\"http:\/\/www.plumfoundation.dk\/\">www.plumfoundation.dk<\/A> <\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-outline-level: 8\" align=center><B>&nbsp;<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-outline-level: 8\" align=center><B>CONFERENCE PROGRAMME<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: center\" align=center><B>(as of 3 January 2005)<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\"><B>&nbsp;<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\"><B>Friday 4th February 2005<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">09.00 AM \u201309.30 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Registration<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt\">09.30 AM \u2013 09.35 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Welcome by moderator <B>J\u00f8rgen B\u00e6k Simonsen<\/B>, professor, dr.phil., Director of the Danish Institute in Damascus <\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">09.35 AM \u2013 10.05 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The UNDP\u2019s Arab Human Development Reports and their Readings <\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\"><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nader Fergany<\/B>, Director, al-Mishkat Center for Research and Training, Cairo<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">10.05 AM \u2013 10.20 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Questions from the audience<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\">10.20 AM \u2013 10.50AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Political Reform in the Middle East &#8211; Internal Obstacles and Facilitators <B>Raymond Hinnebusch<\/B>, Professor of International Relations and Middle East Politics, University of St. Andrews<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">10.50 AM \u2013 11.05 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Questions from the audience<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">11.05 AM \u2013 11.20 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Break<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -127.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -127.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">11.20 AM \u201312.35 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; US and European Support to Democratic Reform: the Intentions and Practices as Seen from the Middle East<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">A Saudi view (25 min.)<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>Fowziyah Abu-Khalid<\/B>, sociologist, Riyadh<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">A Saudi view (25 min.)<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>Mai Yamani<\/B>, Research Fellow, Royal Institute of International Affairs, London<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">A Palestinian view (25 min.)<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>Hanan Rabbani<\/B>, Consultant<B>, <\/B>Amnesty International, Amman<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">12.35 PM \u2013 01.35 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <B>Lunch<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">01.35 PM\u2013 02.25 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; US and European Support to Democratic Reform: the Intentions and Practices as Seen from the Middle East<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt\">A Palestinian view (25 min.)<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt\"><B>Yezid Sayigh<\/B>, Academic Director, Centre for International Studies, <\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt\">University of Cambridge<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\">A Syrian view (25 min.)<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>Samir Aita<\/B>, President Director General, A Concept\/Mafhoum<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">02.25 PM \u2013 02.40 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Beak<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">02.40 PM \u2013 03.40 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Questions to the panel (Nader Fergany, Raymond Hinnebush, Fowziyah Abu-Khalid, Mai Yamani, Hanan Rabbani, Yezid Sayigh, Samir Aita) from:<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>Lone Johnsen<\/B>,&nbsp; director, Esrum Abbey Foundation<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\"><B>Lasse Ellegaard<\/B>, fm. Middle East correspondent, Jyllandsposten<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>J\u00f8rgen Steen Nielsen, <\/B>journalist, Dagbladet Information<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; mso-outline-level: 1\"><B>Saturday 5th February 2005<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">09.30 AM \u2013 09.35 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Summary of the previous day by moderator <B>J\u00f8rgen B\u00e6k Simonsen<\/B>, professor, dr.phil., Director of the Danish Institute in Damascus<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">09.35 AM \u2013 10.10 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Islamophobia in Europe and its impact on the push for democratisation in the Arab world<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <B>J\u00f8rgen S. Nielsen<\/B>, professor of Islamic studies, University of Birmingham<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">10.10 AM \u2013 10.25 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Questions from the audience<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">10.25 AM \u2013 10.40 AM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Break<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">10.40 AM \u2013 11.40 AM<B> <\/B><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/B>Democratization in Future Iraq<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <B>Huda Al-Nu\u2019aimi<\/B>, director, Palestine Studies Center, <\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 65.2pt; TEXT-INDENT: 65.2pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">University of Baghdad (30 min.)<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>Amal Shlash<\/B>, <B>&nbsp;<\/B>professor of economics, University of Baghdad, and director of Beit Al-Hikmah Research Center, Baghdad (30 min.)<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;11.40 AM \u2013 12.00 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Questions from the audience<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">12.00 PM \u2013 01.00 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <B>Lunch<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>&nbsp;<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">01.00 PM \u2013 01.30 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Greater Middle East Map as Seen from Ramallah<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>Mustafa Barghouti, <\/B>PNA presidential candidate, Palestinian National Initiative (to be confirmed)<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">01.30 PM \u2013 01.45 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Questions from the audience<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">01.45 PM \u2013 02.15 PM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;The crisis in the Palestinian national movement and the struggle for Palestinian democracy<B> <\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>&nbsp;<\/B><\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\"><B>Graham Usher<\/B>, author and journalist, correspondent for Middle East International and Economist<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">02.15 PM \u2013 02.30 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Questions from the audience<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 130.4pt; TEXT-INDENT: -130.4pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\">02.30 PM \u2013 02.45 PM &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Closing remarks by moderator <B>J\u00f8rgen B\u00e6k Simonsen<\/B>, professor, dr.phil., Director of the Danish Institute in Damascus<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%\">Background<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">The countries of the Middle East are undergoing a period of political transformation. But the current reform processes face a number of challenges.<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">Internally, political opposition parties and factions, dissidents and NGOs are subject to varying degrees of control and containment at the hand of regimes whose popular legitimacy remains limited. Whereas some of these regimes have entered into dialogue with reform-oriented organisations and political factions, it remains to be seen whether this will result in comprehensive and enduring reforms and popular participation.<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">Furthermore, external actors \u2013 particularly the United States and to a lesser extent Europe \u2013 seek to yield influence on the political landscape of the Middle East based on the notion that promoting democracy is key to ensuring stability and prosperity in the region. However, these efforts are viewed with suspicion by large sections of the Arab public, not least in the wake of the US-led invasion of Iraq. The question therefore remains whether the approach represented by initiatives such as the US \u201cBroader Middle East and North Africa Initiative\u201d and the Danish \u201cWider Middle East Initiative\u201d is appropriate, and, if not, what alternatives are at hand.<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">&nbsp;<\/P><P class=MsoNormal style=\"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt\">Focusing on conveying \u2018a view from the Middle East\u2019, this conference brings together a number of scholars and opinion makers from countries such as Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Palestine, who will discuss the challenges and possibilities arising from the latest developments in the region (please see the attached conference programme for more information).<\/P><P>&nbsp;<\/P><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plum Fonden sponserer: Internal and external challenges to democratization in the contemporary Middle East<br \/>\nCopenhagen, 4-5 February 2005 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/?p=1954\">L\u00e6s resten <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[69,401,102],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1954"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1954"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1954\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1954"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1954"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.danpal.dk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1954"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}